Nouns with end stress in singular and stem stress in plural
In this type of noun the stress in singular falls on the stem and in plural on the ending. There are relatively few useful nouns which conform to this stress pattern. There are, however, a number of important nouns which conform in some cases but not others.
Feminine
Example of a feminine noun with a regular end stress – stem stress pattern : сім'я́ – family:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | сім'я́ | сі́м'ї |
| Genitive | сім'ї́ | сі́ме́й* |
| Dative | сім'ї́ | сі́м'ям |
| Accusative | сім'ю́ | сі́м'ї |
| Instrumental | сім'є́ю | сі́м'ями |
| Locative | сім'ї́ | сі́м'ях |
| Vocative | сім'є́! | сі́м'ї! |
* alternative stress in gen. pl.
Nouns of the сестра́ (sister) type – end stress in singular, stem stress in plural (except in vocative singular):
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | сестра́ | се́стри |
| Genitive | сестри́ | се́сте́р*1 |
| Dative | сестрі́ | се́страм |
| Accusative | сестру́ | се́сте́р* |
| Instrumental | сестро́ю | се́страми |
| Locative | сестрі́ | се́страх |
| Vocative | се́стро! | се́стри! |
* alternative stress in gen. and acc. pl.
Nouns of the вода́ (water) type - end stress in singular, stem stress in plural (except in accusative and vocative singular):
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | вода́ | во́ди |
| Genitive | води́ | вод |
| Dative | воді́ | во́дам |
| Accusative | во́ду | во́ди |
| Instrumental | водо́ю | во́дами |
| Locative | воді́ | во́дах |
| Vocative | во́до! | во́ди |
Nouns of the земля́ (earth, land) type - predominantly end stress in singular (except in accusative and vocative), predominantly stem stress in plural (except in genitive*).
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | земля́ | зе́млі |
| Genitive | землі́ | земе́ль |
| Dative | землі́ | зе́млям |
| Accusative | зе́млю | зе́млі |
| Instrumental | земле́ю | зе́млями |
| Locative | землі́ | зе́млях |
| Vocative | земле! | зе́млі! |
* These nouns have the same stress pattern as вода. The shift in stress in the genitive plural is usually caused by the insertion of an epenthetic (fleeting) vowel, which attracts the stress away from the stem.
Masculine
Example of a masculine noun with this stress pattern: кінь – horse.
There are few frequently-used words with this stress pattern. Most nouns will predominantly conform, with variations in stress in various cases, or alternative stress, as below (see voc. sing).
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | кінь | ко́ні |
| Genitive | коня́ | ко́ней |
| Dative | коне́ві/коню́ | ко́ням |
| Accusative | коня́ | ко́ні/ко́ней |
| Instrumental | коне́м | кі́ньми/ко́нями |
| Locative | коні́/коне́ві | ко́нях |
| Vocative | ко́ню! | ко́ні! |
Neuter
Example of a neuter noun with this stress pattern: число́ – number:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | число́ | чи́сла |
| Genitive | числа́ | чи́сел |
| Dative | числу́ | чи́слам |
| Accusative | число́ | чи́сла |
| Instrumental | число́м | чи́слами |
| Locative | числі́ | чи́слах |
| Vocative | число́! | чи́сла! |